In December 1791, the Bill of Rights was ratified.[1] It is a summary of rights that puts limitations on the federal and state governments. However, the interpretation and application of the Bill of Rights continues to be subjects of much political and legal controversy.
First Amendment: Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly;
Second Amendment: The right to bear arms;
Third Amendment: Prohibition of quartering of troops;
Fourth Amendment: The right against unreasonable searches and seizures;
Fifth Amendment: Right to a grand jury, protection from self-incrimination and double jeopardy;
Sixth Amendment: Right to a speedy and public trial; confrontation of witnesses; assistance of counsel;
Seventh Amendment: Right to trial by jury in civil matters;
Eighth Amendment: Prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments;
Ninth Amendment: Rights granted by the Constitution shall not infringe on other rights;
Tenth Amendment: Rights reserved to the states.
For example, Roe v. Wade was a 1973 US Supreme Court Decision that established a woman’s right to choose within a constitutional right to privacy contained in the Bill of Rights.[2] In arguments this year, the Supreme Court now considers the constitutionality of a Mississippi law that limits that right to choose in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. Were Roe v. Wade to be overturned in its entirety, individual states could then determine the extent of a woman’s right to choose.
New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, the Supreme Court, in a decision expected next year, is considering whether and the extent to which the Second Amendment guarantees the right to carry concealed firearms outside the home for self-defense.[3]
Why is this important?
Why do we need to know this?
Here the three branches of government are on full display, the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The laws being challenged in the Supreme Court, were passed by elected legislators, then signed into law by elected chief executives or governors, and finally considered by appointed judges for constitutionality. Elections have consequences. Vote!
Be Informed
Be Engaged
Be Involved
[1] https://www.archives.gov/legislative/features/bor
[2] https://billofrightsinstitute.org/e-lessons/roe-v-wade-1973